Java Automation Testing: A Complete Guide

Sienna Roberts 23 August 2023

Explore the realm of Java Automation Testing in this insightful blog. Understand the fundamentals with a look at what Java Automation Testing entails. Dive into different methodologies employed in the field and examine the frameworks designed for Java Automation Testing. Discover the reasons why developers should consider learning Selenium with Java for robust testing.

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Java Automation Testing: A Complete Guide

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Java Automation Testing: Everything You Need to Know

In Software Development, the need to ensure that software applications consistently perform as intended is an imperative goal. Here, Automation Testing emerges as an essential ally. when combined with Java, this type of Testing has the capability to provide Developers with a robust and adaptable platform to create automated tests that can meet the demanding standards of Software Development. Thus, Java Automation Testing has emerged as a prominent practice helping Testers look for and correct anomalies.
So, if you are someone willing to explore the intricacies of Automation Testing using Java, it’s the right place for you. Further, this blog will guide you through how Java works and explain Java Automation Testing for beginners.

Table of Contents

1) What is Java Automation Testing?

2) Java Automation Testing methodologies

3) Frameworks for Java Automation Testing

4) Why should Developers learn Selenium with Java?

5) Java Automation Testing examples

6) Conclusion

What is Java Automation Testing?

Automation Testing is nothing but the deployment of scripts written in a programming language to test for anomalies and rectify them automatically. The aim here is to reduce human intervention while delivering the right set of results. It enhances Testing efficiency and reduces resource consumption significantly.

Java is a robust language that is platform-independent and equipped with a plethora of libraries. Hence this language aids in Java Automation Testing the most. This is why Java is considered quite ideal in testing circles for its ability to execute tests across multiple Operating Systems.

Java Automation Testing methodologies

While using Java to conduct Automation Testing, you can use different methodologies to get the desired results. Given below is a list of prominent Testing methodologies that’ll help you run tests on different applications and platforms:

Unit Testing

As the name suggests, Unit Testing is all about finding and rectifying anomalies in units. It revolves around finding discrete bugs early in the development phase. This methodology reduces the chances of stumbling across a chain of bugs, as most of them are dealt with at an early stage. Java can be used with JUnit, a robust framework that aids in performing Unit Testing.

Integration Testing

Integration Testing is a methodology in which multiple software application components are combined and tested. The catch here is that every component’s relation and reliance on each other is tested here. Anomalies are then detected and rectified. This methodology helps streamline the development process by simultaneously rectifying multiple errors/bugs. TestNG is a viable framework that helps with this testing methodology.

Performance Testing

This methodology is considered viable in cases where the application in question has to undergo multiple tests in various conditions. Assessments such as a Stress Test and User Traffic are performed on the application to check the breaking point.

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Frameworks for Java Automation Testing

In order to perform Java Automation Testing, you need to understand certain frameworks. Here’s a list of popular frameworks that work well with Java:

1) Selenium WebDriver: Selenium WebDriver is a versatile testing framework that allows testers to check web applications for anomalies. Testers here can not only locate anomalies using different methods but can also simulate user actions and work on dynamic web content.

2) TestNG: Test Next Generation or TestNG is a framework used to perform Unit Testing and Automated Testing. It is an improvement over JUnit as it enhances JUnit’s existing capabilities. TestNG allows parallel execution, test grouping and data-driven testing.

3) JUnit: JUnit is yet another framework that assists Testers in performing Unit Testing. This framework is considered one of the best and most reliable for conducting Unit Testing.

Why should do Developers learn Selenium with Java?

Java is the most preferred language among Application Developers due to its active community of Ddevelopers and detailed documentation. But Uusing Java with Selenium has several benefits. The Testers can leverage, including leveraging the dynamic community of contributors and detailed documentation to write test cases.

Java programs are faster than other popular languages like Python. It Java is widely used in commercial applications, making it easier to integrate Selenium tests. However, the choice of language depends on the project, organisation, and individuals driving it. It is essential to have in-depth knowledge of the language when dealing with Selenium.

Java Automation Testing examples

It is imperative for you to develop an understanding of the way Java works with certain frameworks. Since certain frameworks specialise in a particular realm of testing, it’s best to understand Java Automation Testing for different environments. Let’s take a couple of Java Automation Testing examples:

Using Selenium WebDriver

Let’s assume that you wish to automate the login process for a web application. Now, with Selenium WebDriver you can navigate to the login page, input credentials and check whether the user has successfully logged in or not. Here’s how you can do so with Java:

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LoginAutomation {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Set the path to the ChromeDriver executable

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");

// Create a new instance of the ChromeDriver

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

// Navigate to the login page

driver.get("https://example.com/login");

// Find the username and password input fields

WebElement usernameField = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("password"));

// Find the login button

WebElement loginButton = driver.findElement(By.id("loginButton"));

// Input valid credentials

usernameField.sendKeys("your_username");

passwordField.sendKeys("your_password");

// Click the login button

loginButton.click();

// Verify successful login

WebElement welcomeMessage = driver.findElement(By.id("welcomeMessage"));

if (welcomeMessage.getText().equals("Welcome, User!")) {

System.out.println("Login successful!");

} else {

System.out.println("Login failed.");

}

// Close the browser

driver.quit();

}

Here’s a breakdown of the steps involved:

1) The aforementioned code initiates by setting up a path to ChromeDriver.

2) It then creates an instance of ChromeDriver.

3) Once done, the code navigates to the web application's login page.

4) It then locates the username and password input fields using the ‘id’ attributes.

5) It then locates the login button using the ‘id’ attribute.

6) The code then enters a valid username and password credentials.

7) Upon clicking the login button, it then verifies whether the welcome message has been displayed or not. If it has, then the credentials have been correct and vice versa.

8) Finally, after running the test, the program ends, and it closes the browser.

Using TestNG

Let’s take a different example here. Suppose you want to run a test on a registration form. Here’s how you’re going to do it:

import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;

import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

import org.testng.Assert;

public class RegistrationTest {

@Test(dataProvider = "registrationData")

public void testRegistration(String username, String password, String email) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "path/to/chromedriver");

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://example.com/register");

WebElement usernameField = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

WebElement passwordField = driver.findElement(By.id("password"));

WebElement emailField = driver.findElement(By.id("email"));

WebElement registerButton = driver.findElement(By.id("registerButton"));

usernameField.sendKeys(username);

passwordField.sendKeys(password);

emailField.sendKeys(email);

registerButton.click();

WebElement successMessage = driver.findElement(By.id("successMessage"));

String actualMessage = successMessage.getText();

String expectedMessage = "Registration successful!";

Assert.assertEquals(actualMessage, expectedMessage, "Registration failed!");

driver.quit();

}

@DataProvider(name = "registrationData")

public Object[][] getRegistrationData() {

return new Object[][]{

{"user1", "pass123", "[email protected]"},

{"user2", "pass456", "[email protected]"},

{"user3", "pass789", "[email protected]"}

// Add more data sets as needed

};

}

Here’s what’s happening in the aforementioned code:

1) The program starts by importing libraries needed by TestNG.

2) It then creates a ‘@Test’ annotation to mark a method as a test.

3) ‘System.setProperty’ then sets the path to a web browser. Here, it is ChromeDriver executable.

4) The WebDriver then opens a web page through the ‘driver.get’ method.

5) ‘findElement’ is then deployed to look for elements present on the web page.

6) The program then fills the input fields.

7) It then proceeds to click the registration button to submit the form.

8) ‘findElement’ is then deployed again to locate the success message.

9) The program then checks whether the displayed success message is the one that was expected or not. In the worst-case scenario, the test will fail.

10) The program finally closes the browser window upon the completion of the test.

Conclusion

The age of manual testing has long passed as Automation tools have taken over. Java Automation Testing has only become more accessible over the last few years, giving Testers a much-needed break from manual testing. The ability to check for elements across static and dynamic web pages has boosted development cycles. Product delivery and debugging have been streamlined to a great extent.

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